xV4ta&tata):tata ta taUnfiledtatatatata(EEhtatata ta MS Shell Dlgta MusicHistoryPKta ta taMtata ta taAncient Period (prior to 1300)taPKPKta ta taMtata ta taEarliest InstrumenttaPKPKta ta taMtata ta ta*Percussion, Strings, Brass, then WoodwindtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta Early MusictaPKPKta ta taMtata ta taSacredtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taInfluence of the ChurchtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taVocaltaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taLatin LanguagetaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta PlainchanttaPKPKta ta ta  Mtata ta taOrganumtaPKPKta ta ta  Mtata ta ta ParalleltaPKPKta ta ta  Mtata ta taFreetaPKPKta ta ta  Mtata ta ta PolyphonytaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNeumestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta&Middle Ages (Medieval) (1300 to 1500)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taMusical FormstaPKPKta ta taMtata ta taSacred vs. SeculartaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta TroubadourstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taFrance-TroubadourstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taGermany-MeistersingerstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taEngland-MinstrelstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta InstrumentstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taLute and ClavichordtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taAs we move from the Middle Ages into the Renaissance Period of music history we will begin to see major changes in the way music looks and sounds.taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta%Renaissance Period (c. 1450 to 1600)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta"Cultural Revolution"taPKPKta ta ta !Mtata ta taRenewed interest in the artstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNew developmentstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taPrinting PresstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta"Modern" NotationtaPKPKta ta ta  Mtata ta ta.Giovanni-Pierluigi da Palestrina (1524-1594)taPKPKta ta ta "Mtata ta ta!Baroque Period (c. 1600 to 1750)taPKPKta ta ta#Mtata ta taO"The Baroque Period marks the beginning of concert music as we know it today."taPKPKta ta ta )Mtata ta taMusic CharacteristicstaPKPKta ta ta %Mtata ta taMelody: A single melodic idea.taPKPKta ta ta &Mtata ta ta#Rhythm: Continuous rhythmic drive.taPKPKta ta ta 'Mtata ta taFTexture: Balance melody with chordal harmony and polyphonic textures.taPKPKta ta ta (Mtata ta taQTimbre: Orchestralstrings, winds (and harpsichord) with very little percussion.taPKPKta ta ta $Mtata ta taYDynamics: Abrupt shifts from loud to softachieved by adding or subtracting instruments.taPKPKta ta ta *Mtata ta taImportant ComposerstaPKPKta ta ta +Mtata ta ta"Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)taPKPKta ta ta ,Mtata ta ta"Little Fugue" in G minortaPKPKta ta ta -Mtata ta taBrandenburg Concerto #2taPKPKta ta ta .Mtata ta taUses piccolo trumpettaPKPKta ta ta /Mtata ta taUses harpsichordtaPKPKta ta ta 0Mtata ta ta$George Frederick Handel (1685-1759)taPKPKta ta ta 1Mtata ta ta OratoriostaPKPKta ta ta 2Mtata ta ta"Opera without movement"taPKPKta ta ta 3Mtata ta taMessiahtaPKPKta ta ta 4Mtata ta ta*Sacredall text comes from the scripturestaPKPKta ta ta 5Mtata ta ta=Written in just 24 days from August 23 to September 22, 1741taPKPKta ta ta 6Mtata ta ta4First performed in Dublin Ireland on April 13, 1742taPKPKta ta ta 7Mtata ta taMost performed choral musictaPKPKta ta ta 8Mtata ta taWritten in three sectionstaPKPKta ta ta 9Mtata ta taPart I-Christmas PortiontaPKPKta ta ta :Mtata ta taPart II-TransitiontaPKPKta ta ta ;Mtata ta taPart III-Easter PortiontaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taThe Classical Period brings us some of the most famous composers in music history including Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven. The music of this period is based upon structure and patterns. The form is more important than the feelings.taPKPKta ta ta ?Mtata ta ta"General characteristics of music:taPKPKta ta ta @Mtata ta ta3Melody: Short and clearly defined musical phrases.taPKPKta ta ta AMtata ta ta#Rhythm: Very defined and regular. taPKPKta ta ta BMtata ta taTexture: Mostly homophonic.taPKPKta ta taCMtata ta taTimbre: The symphony orchestra was organized into four sections - strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion. The harpsichord was very seldom used.taPKPKta ta ta ZMtata ta taImportant ComposerstaPKPKta ta ta DMtata ta taFranz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)taPKPKta ta ta TMtata ta taFather of the SymphonytaPKPKta ta ta UMtata ta taRedesigned the symphony formattaPKPKta ta ta VMtata ta ta#Composed more than 100 symphoniestaPKPKta ta ta WMtata ta ta#Clock Symphony & Surprise SymphonytaPKPKta ta ta YMtata ta ta%Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)taPKPKta ta ta [Mtata ta ta*One of the greatest composers of all timetaPKPKta ta ta \Mtata ta ta%Composed more than 600 compositionstaPKPKta ta ta ]Mtata ta ta&Award winning film and play AmadeustaPKPKta ta ta EMtata ta ta!Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)taPKPKta ta ta RMtata ta taEmphasized freedom in musictaPKPKta ta ta SMtata ta ta/"I know your rules, but choose to break them."taPKPKta ta ta QMtata ta ta4Lost his hearing about halfway through his lifetimetaPKPKta ta ta PMtata ta taContinued to compose musictaPKPKta ta ta OMtata ta taBComposed nine symphonies (four of them after he became deaf).taPKPKta ta ta NMtata ta taComposed only one operataPKPKta ta ta MMtata ta taFifth SymphonytaPKPKta ta ta LMtata ta ta&Sometimes called the Destiny SymphonytaPKPKta ta ta KMtata ta taWritten from 1804-1808taPKPKta ta ta JMtata ta taIDiscovered his gradual hearing loss during the composition of this piecetaPKPKta ta ta IMtata ta taOThis piece is often said to mark the beginning of the Romantic Period of musictaPKPKta ta ta FMtata ta ta-Ninth Symphony used a chorus and vocal solostaPKPKta ta ta ^Mtata ta ta"Romantic Period (c. 1825 to 1900)taPKPKta ta ta aMtata ta taHOccurred during a time of great social, political, and economic change.taPKPKta ta ta bMtata ta taAmerican RevolutiontaPKPKta ta ta cMtata ta taFrench RevolutiontaPKPKta ta ta dMtata ta taIndustrial RevolutiontaPKPKta ta ta eMtata ta ta?Musicians were no longer thought of as servants to the wealthytaPKPKta ta ta fMtata ta ta"Emphasis on feelings and emotionstaPKPKta ta ta gMtata ta taSelf-expressiontaPKPKta ta ta hMtata ta ta9Created new ideas or changed those that were used beforetaPKPKta ta ta iMtata ta taCharacteristics of music:taPKPKta ta ta jMtata ta ta9Melodies: Long melodies with irregular phrases; contrasttaPKPKta ta ta kMtata ta taRhythm: Frequent tempo changestaPKPKta ta ta lMtata ta ta$Texture: Almost entirely homophonictaPKPKta ta ta mMtata ta takTimbre: Variety of tone color; special effects in the orchestra; more woodwind and brass instruments used.taPKPKta ta ta _Mtata ta taImportant ComposerstaPKPKta ta ta nMtata ta taFranz Schubert (1797-1828) taPKPKta ta ta oMtata ta ta*Singer as well as pianist and violinisttaPKPKta ta ta pMtata ta ta Best known for his vocal musictaPKPKta ta ta qMtata ta ta+Ave Maria is one of his best known piecestaPKPKta ta ta rMtata ta taESymphony in C Major was not performed until 11 years after his deathtaPKPKta ta ta sMtata ta taFelix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)taPKPKta ta ta tMtata ta ta<Like Mozart, he began giving concerts at a very early age.taPKPKta ta ta uMtata ta ta=Composed A Midsummer Night's Dream when he was 17 years oldtaPKPKta ta ta vMtata ta ta"Contains the famous Wedding MarchtaPKPKta ta ta wMtata ta taJWas largely responsible for a renewed interest in the music of J. S. BachtaPKPKta ta ta xMtata ta taFrederic Chopin (1810-1849)taPKPKta ta ta yMtata ta taCOne of the first composers to treat the piano as a solo instrumenttaPKPKta ta ta zMtata ta taFranz Liszt (1811-1886)taPKPKta ta ta {Mtata ta taCFirst part of his life was devoted almost entirely to piano musictaPKPKta ta ta }Mtata ta tagSecond period of his life resulted in larger works (i.e. masses, concertos, and works for symphonies)taPKPKta ta ta |Mtata ta taJohannes Brahms (1833-1897)taPKPKta ta ta ~Mtata ta taA brilliant pianisttaPKPKta ta ta `Mtata ta ta'Peter Iliitch Tschaikovsky (1840-1893)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNationalistic tendenciestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta"First important Russian composer taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNutcracker Suite BallettaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta1812 OverturetaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta Johann Strauss, Jr. (1825-1899)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taKnown as the Waltz KingtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taComposed 500 waltzestaPKPKta ta taMtata ta taAnton Dvorak (1841-1904)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNationalistic tendenciestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta?New World Symphony interprets the spirit of American folkloretaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta$Impressionist Period (1885 to 1910)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta?Composers rebelled against the "rules" of the Romantic Period.taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta talPredominantly French based changes in musical styles Influenced by many French painters, especially Mont.taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taImportant ComposerstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taClaude Debussy (1862-1918)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taPMany criticized his works because they were so different from "regular music"taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta#Prelude to the Afternoon of a FauntaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta5Tone poem based upon mythical characters and storiestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taFTravelled little so his compositions originated from his imaginationtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta#Contemporary Period (1900-Present)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taDTotal disregard for all previous rules of music composition by manytaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta,Discordant harmonies and irregular melodiestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taUIncludes concert music, pop, country, rock, rap and all other music of this century.taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taFewer melodiestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taDissonant harmoniestaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taComplicated rhythmstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta2Very definite and pronounced beat; percussivenesstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta\Greater use of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments than in music of earlier periodstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta Synthetic and electronic soundstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taImportant ComposerstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taGeorge Gershwin (1898-1937)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta?Wrote many musical scores for Broadway shows and for HollywoodtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta&Most famous opera is Porgy and BesstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taAaron Copland (1900-1990)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taNationalistic composertaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta taFMuch of his music based upon popular melodies of regions of the worldtaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975)taPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta+Best known of the modern Russian composerstaPKPKta ta ta Mtata ta ta.Completed his first symphony at the age of 19taPK